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The Fremantle Long Jetty was constructed in 1873 to replace the smaller South Jetty which had become too small for the large amounts of vessels entering the colony in Western Australia. The jetty lies in Bather's Bay which has been an occupation site since the Swan River Colony was established in 1829. It was a center of trade and communications that served Fremantle and Perth until Fremantle Harbor was opened. An increased amount of shipping made it necessary to improve the harbouring facilities by the late 1860s. Long Jetty was built as a less expensive alternative to building a harbour at the mouth of the Swan River due to a lack of funds and technological shortcomings.〔Garratt, D. The Long Jetty: A Case Study in Salvage Archaeology, ''Department of Maritime Archaeology, Western Australian Maritime Museum'', No. 57, 1990〕 In July 1984 the Maritime Archaeology Department of the Western Australian Museum was notified of plans to construct a marina for the America’s Cup that would be close to the remains of the Long Jetty in Bather’s Bay in Fremantle. This prompted an archaeological excavation to ascertain the importance of the site. ==History== Construction on the Long Jetty in Fremantle was finished in 1873. This new jetty replaced the original South Jetty that was built in 1857.〔Garratt, D. The Long Jetty Excavation 14 July to 20 August 1984: A Report on the Long Jetty Excavation. ''Department of Maritime Archaeology Western Australia Museum'', No. 78, Western Australia, 1994〕 The Long Jetty was originally known as the Ocean Jetty and the original section was built out of Jarrah by Mason, Bird and Co., who owned the Canning Saw Mills.〔Hitchcock, J. K. & J. W. B. Stevens, ''The History of Fremantle: the Front Gate of Australia, 1829 - 1929'', Fremantle City Council, 1929〕 The jetty extended south west from Anglesea Point. From the 1870s to the 1920s the Long Jetty in Bathers Bay was an important maritime centre for the colony of Western Australia.〔 It served as the region’s point of access for trade and communication until it was replaced by the opening of Fremantle Harbour in 1897.〔 The original jetty construction was 15 feet wide and extended to a length of 750 feet.〔 At its original size vessels weighing up to 700 tons could be accommodated, but larger vessels were forced to anchor offshore and have their cargo ferried in on smaller boats.〔 The main commodities exported from the colony were wool, wheat, and timber.〔 All of these materials were shipped in large vessels that could not be directly loaded from the jetty and required the use of smaller vessels for loading purposes.〔 In December 1887 the jetty was extended to a length of 2,387 feet〔 and the original south-westerly section was widened to 42 feet.〔 This would allow 6 large vessels to be berthed at one time in water that was deeper than provided by the original structure.〔 This addition led to the Ocean Jetty becoming known as the Long Jetty.〔 In 1896 a final extension stretched the jetty an additional 457 feet out into the ocean. This extension was brought about due to the difficulty of lightering. With a total length of 3,294 feet, it was possible to facilitate 8 large ships at once; however, lightering was still required.〔 Evidence states that the original jetty was too shallow for most ocean-going vessels and lengthened multiple times, but never reached an adequate length. It was always necessary to use lighters to help with the removal of cargo from larger vessels. Of the 600,000 tons of materials that went through the Long Jetty in 1897, over one third of the materials required lightering with smaller vessels. In 1897 the jetty was a total of one kilometre in length and reached a total depth of only 7 metres at its furthest end.〔McCarthy, M. The archaeology of the Jetty: an examination of jetty excavations and 'port-related structure' studies in Western Australia since 1984. ''Bulletin of the Australasian Institute of Maritime Archaeology'', No. 26, 2002〕 The two extensions were built by R.O. Law and Mathew Price. In 1887, when the contract was first given to R.O. Law, he was still a minor. R.O. Law was also given the task of demolishing Fremantle Long Jetty after it was considered a hazard to pedestrians.〔 In the early 1890s, during the Australian gold rushes, Long Jetty reached a period of maximum use whereby ships where constantly coming and going.〔 Even at its full length, it was necessary to use lightering with smaller vessels to bring in many of the shipments.〔 The opening of Fremantle Harbour eliminated the need for lightering and helped to make Long Jetty obsolete as an importing and exporting structure.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fremantle Long Jetty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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